diff --git a/backend/src/api/routers/files.py b/backend/src/api/routers/files.py
index 0035364..2ff8ebf 100644
--- a/backend/src/api/routers/files.py
+++ b/backend/src/api/routers/files.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ from fastapi.responses import FileResponse, PlainTextResponse
 from utils.files import (
     content_disposition,
     counts_as_download,
+    is_active_mime,
     is_inline_mime,
     resolve_mime,
 )
@@ -20,7 +21,12 @@ router = APIRouter(tags=["files"], route_class=DishkaRoute)
 _GONE = "This link is no longer available.\n"
 _MISSING = "Not found.\n"
 
-_NO_STORE = {"Cache-Control": "private, no-store", "X-Robots-Tag": "noindex, nofollow"}
+_NO_STORE = {
+    "Cache-Control": "private, no-store",
+    "X-Robots-Tag": "noindex, nofollow",
+    "X-Content-Type-Options": "nosniff",
+}
+_SANDBOX = {"Content-Security-Policy": "sandbox"}
 
 
 def _client_ip(request: Request) -> str | None:
@@ -76,6 +82,7 @@ async def _serve(
         media_type=mime,
         headers={
             **_NO_STORE,
+            **(_SANDBOX if is_active_mime(mime) else {}),
             "Content-Disposition": content_disposition(
                 row["file_name"], attachment=attachment
             ),
diff --git a/backend/src/utils/files.py b/backend/src/utils/files.py
index 0859f4a..48664be 100644
--- a/backend/src/utils/files.py
+++ b/backend/src/utils/files.py
@@ -67,6 +67,13 @@ _GENERIC_MIMES = {
 
 _INLINE_MIME_PREFIXES = ("image/", "video/", "audio/", "text/")
 _INLINE_MIMES = {"application/pdf", "application/json"}
+_ACTIVE_MIMES = {
+    "text/html",
+    "application/xhtml+xml",
+    "image/svg+xml",
+    "text/xml",
+    "application/xml",
+}
 
 _PREVIEW_AGENTS = (
     "telegrambot",
@@ -202,6 +209,10 @@ def is_inline_mime(mime: str | None) -> bool:
     return mime in _INLINE_MIMES or mime.startswith(_INLINE_MIME_PREFIXES)
 
 
+def is_active_mime(mime: str | None) -> bool:
+    return bool(mime) and mime.split(";", 1)[0].strip().lower() in _ACTIVE_MIMES
+
+
 def content_disposition(file_name: str, *, attachment: bool) -> str:
     kind = "attachment" if attachment else "inline"
     ascii_name = file_name.encode("ascii", "replace").decode("ascii").replace('"', "_")
diff --git a/frontend/src/lib/api/media.ts b/frontend/src/lib/api/media.ts
index 4cd6796..4d2d34e 100644
--- a/frontend/src/lib/api/media.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/lib/api/media.ts
@@ -76,6 +76,18 @@ export function isPreviewable(kind: string, mime: string | null): boolean {
   return PREVIEW_MIME_PREFIXES.some((prefix) => mime?.startsWith(prefix));
 }
 
+const ACTIVE_MIMES = new Set([
+  "text/html",
+  "application/xhtml+xml",
+  "image/svg+xml",
+  "text/xml",
+  "application/xml",
+]);
+
+export function isActiveContent(mime: string | null): boolean {
+  return ACTIVE_MIMES.has(mime?.split(";", 1)[0].trim().toLowerCase() ?? "");
+}
+
 export type VisualKind = "image" | "video" | "other";
 
 const VIDEO_KINDS = new Set(["video", "video_note", "animation", "gif"]);
diff --git a/frontend/src/lib/components/InlineButtons.svelte b/frontend/src/lib/components/InlineButtons.svelte
index 9584ce6..773afe2 100644
--- a/frontend/src/lib/components/InlineButtons.svelte
+++ b/frontend/src/lib/components/InlineButtons.svelte
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 <script lang="ts">
   import type { InlineButton } from "$lib/api/types";
+  import { safeHref } from "$lib/format/url";
 
   interface Props {
     rows: InlineButton[][];
@@ -26,7 +27,12 @@
       {#each row as button, colIndex (colIndex)}
         {@const key = `${rowIndex}:${colIndex}`}
         {#if button.kind === "url" && button.url}
-          <a class="button" href={button.url} target="_blank" rel="noopener">
+          <a
+            class="button"
+            href={safeHref(button.url)}
+            target="_blank"
+            rel="noopener"
+          >
             <span class="label">{button.text}</span>
             <span class="corner">↗</span>
           </a>
diff --git a/frontend/src/lib/components/MediaVersionThumb.svelte b/frontend/src/lib/components/MediaVersionThumb.svelte
index e0d1e86..572036d 100644
--- a/frontend/src/lib/components/MediaVersionThumb.svelte
+++ b/frontend/src/lib/components/MediaVersionThumb.svelte
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <script lang="ts">
   import { type MediaResult, requestMediaVersion } from "$lib/api/client";
-  import { visualKind } from "$lib/api/media";
+  import { isActiveContent, visualKind } from "$lib/api/media";
   import type { MediaVersion } from "$lib/api/types";
   import Icon from "$lib/components/ui/Icon.svelte";
   import Spinner from "$lib/components/ui/Spinner.svelte";
@@ -48,7 +48,13 @@
       <span class="play"><Icon name="large-play" size="1.5rem" /></span>
     </a>
   {:else if result.state === "ready"}
-    <a class="file" href={result.url} target="_blank" rel="noopener">
+    <a
+      class="file"
+      href={result.url}
+      target="_blank"
+      rel="noopener"
+      download={isActiveContent(result.mime) ? `media_${version.id}` : undefined}
+    >
       <Icon name="document" size="1.125rem" />
       <span>{version.kind}</span>
     </a>
diff --git a/frontend/src/lib/components/WebPage.svelte b/frontend/src/lib/components/WebPage.svelte
index 1f53085..24cafdd 100644
--- a/frontend/src/lib/components/WebPage.svelte
+++ b/frontend/src/lib/components/WebPage.svelte
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 <script lang="ts">
   import type { MessageView } from "$lib/api/types";
   import MessageMedia from "$lib/components/MessageMedia.svelte";
+  import { safeHref } from "$lib/format/url";
 
   interface Props {
     message: MessageView;
@@ -20,7 +21,7 @@
         <MessageMedia {message} {own} onopen={() => onmedia(0)} />
       </div>
     {/if}
-    <a class="card" href={web.url} target="_blank" rel="noopener">
+    <a class="card" href={safeHref(web.url)} target="_blank" rel="noopener">
       {#if web.site_name}
         <div class="site">{web.site_name}</div>
       {:else if web.display_url}
diff --git a/frontend/src/lib/components/profile/SharedLinks.svelte b/frontend/src/lib/components/profile/SharedLinks.svelte
index 3cc9215..9bd968c 100644
--- a/frontend/src/lib/components/profile/SharedLinks.svelte
+++ b/frontend/src/lib/components/profile/SharedLinks.svelte
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
   import Icon from "$lib/components/ui/Icon.svelte";
   import Spinner from "$lib/components/ui/Spinner.svelte";
   import { formatListDate } from "$lib/format/datetime";
+  import { safeHref } from "$lib/format/url";
   import { accounts } from "$lib/stores/accounts.svelte";
   import { ui } from "$lib/stores/ui.svelte";
 
@@ -94,7 +95,7 @@
             <span class="title">{item.web_title ?? host(item.url)}</span>
             <a
               class="url"
-              href={item.url}
+              href={safeHref(item.url)}
               target="_blank"
               rel="noopener"
               onclick={(event) => event.stopPropagation()}
diff --git a/frontend/src/lib/components/social/LinksPanel.svelte b/frontend/src/lib/components/social/LinksPanel.svelte
index 2eb015a..891e369 100644
--- a/frontend/src/lib/components/social/LinksPanel.svelte
+++ b/frontend/src/lib/components/social/LinksPanel.svelte
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
   import EmptyState from "$lib/components/ui/EmptyState.svelte";
   import Icon from "$lib/components/ui/Icon.svelte";
   import Spinner from "$lib/components/ui/Spinner.svelte";
+  import { safeHref } from "$lib/format/url";
   import { accounts } from "$lib/stores/accounts.svelte";
   import { ui } from "$lib/stores/ui.svelte";
 
@@ -69,7 +70,12 @@
           {#if item.web_title}
             <span class="title">{item.web_title}</span>
           {/if}
-          <a class="url" href={item.url} target="_blank" rel="noopener">
+          <a
+            class="url"
+            href={safeHref(item.url)}
+            target="_blank"
+            rel="noopener"
+          >
             {item.url}
           </a>
           {#if item.web_site_name || item.web_description}
diff --git a/frontend/src/lib/format/entities.ts b/frontend/src/lib/format/entities.ts
index e6058ed..fd46fc7 100644
--- a/frontend/src/lib/format/entities.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/lib/format/entities.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import type { EntityView } from "$lib/api/types";
+import { safeHref } from "$lib/format/url";
 
 export interface TextNode {
   kind: "text";
@@ -61,12 +62,6 @@ export function buildEntityTree(
   return buildNodes(text, sorted, 0, text.length);
 }
 
-const PROTOCOL_RE = /^[a-z]+:/i;
-
-function ensureProtocol(url: string): string {
-  return PROTOCOL_RE.test(url) ? url : `https://${url}`;
-}
-
 export function nodeText(node: EntityTreeNode): string {
   if (node.kind === "text") {
     return node.text;
@@ -74,10 +69,10 @@ export function nodeText(node: EntityTreeNode): string {
   return node.children.map(nodeText).join("");
 }
 
-export function linkHref(node: EntityNode): string {
+export function linkHref(node: EntityNode): string | undefined {
   const { entity } = node;
   if (entity.type === "text_link" && entity.url) {
-    return ensureProtocol(entity.url);
+    return safeHref(entity.url);
   }
   if (entity.type === "email") {
     return `mailto:${nodeText(node)}`;
@@ -85,7 +80,7 @@ export function linkHref(node: EntityNode): string {
   if (entity.type === "phone_number") {
     return `tel:${nodeText(node)}`;
   }
-  return ensureProtocol(nodeText(node));
+  return safeHref(nodeText(node));
 }
 
 const EMOJI_RE = /\p{Extended_Pictographic}/u;
diff --git a/frontend/src/lib/format/url.ts b/frontend/src/lib/format/url.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..187a862
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/src/lib/format/url.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+const SCHEME_RE = /^([a-z][a-z0-9+.-]*):/i;
+const SAFE_SCHEMES = new Set(["http", "https", "tg", "ton", "mailto", "tel"]);
+
+export function safeHref(url: string | null | undefined): string | undefined {
+  if (!url) {
+    return;
+  }
+  const trimmed = url.trim();
+  const scheme = SCHEME_RE.exec(trimmed)?.[1].toLowerCase();
+  if (scheme === undefined) {
+    return `https://${trimmed}`;
+  }
+  return SAFE_SCHEMES.has(scheme) ? trimmed : undefined;
+}